Article about the psychological development of women in life, Taiwanese writer Chang Hsiao-feng
an article, Imagine how different adults, some things can be predicted from childhood, adulthood, the so-called 3-year-old look great. The stresses of life, the psychological development of women, including prenatal, infant (0m1 years old), the former early childhood (1m3), child care of (3m5), childhood (6m12), adolescent (12-18), adolescence or early adulthood (20 years), prime of life (30-45), middle age (45-60), old age (65 years). Some of them middle-aged and middle-aged middle age together, because we are middle-aged women have their own special problems, it is broken down.
combination of two terms: character development and gender differences. Eric Sen's theory of personality development of education for different age and education provide the theoretical basis for the content of the educational failures of any age will affect the development of a life, it tells you why to become what it is today, your mental quality, whether it is negative or positive, multi-stage in the formation of any age.
a fetus from fertilization to the birth of
, is a human biological development of the most important period (see Lecture). Life did not begin with birth on fetal research shows: The emergence of fetal consciousness much earlier than we thought, if the fetus can recognize the mother's voice, the sound can be outside of the mother, to respond to visual stimulation, while the body of pregnant mothers in addition, there are Spirit of pregnancy, that the mother during pregnancy on the child's various fantasies, expectations, anxiety and desire and so on. From this sense, the spirit of communication between parent and child should be born in the baby after birth, the family continue to be a psycho-social of the When there are gender differences in biological factors r, the study of newborn children to discover the biological reasons for gender differences; trying to find the way adults deal with differences between male and female babies r starting from infancy to the process of gender role socialization.
male and female infants In most cases did not show gender differences.
are different: ① newborn girls are more sensitive to touch than boys (Block 1976). Methods: the baby's cheek or belly to blow on to see if he or she has no response.
② language areas such as babbling, baby sounds better than boys on the verbal stimulus sensitive.
③ activity may be stronger boys than girls, the smaller the baby, record arm the number of swing or kick; larger calculations in the game room baby crawling on the floor of the distance. (bundle of child rearing as compared with the activity of foreign poor should be more training for dressing, bathing, and enhance activity.)
these differences What does it mean? If you can predict adult behavior, it is very important, if highly sensitive sense of touch in infancy, the results appear in adulthood have a high degree of empathy that the baby touch sensitive, strong women can be explained by the common intelligence role. But to test this hypothesis, the development must be carried out longitudinal studies from infancy to adulthood, tracking, time-consuming, very few people do.
(b) of the adults how to deal with gender of the baby
general methods: direct parents of infant behavior observation or description of the problem is not only the parents of the baby, the child of parents. If the baby may be different from the behavior of men and women, causing parents to different treatment, and different causes of gender differences in treatment. For example, if the boy will love cry, which may explain why parents hold him more often.
a well-designed experiment the impact of the characteristics of the adult.
Methods: Adult subjects were told is a girl) on the room floor, telling 1 / 3 of the subjects said that the baby is a boy, on the other 1 / 3 said that the baby is a girl, the other 1 / 3 did not tell gender information, close to the baby put three toys: small rubber football (male toys), female doll (female toys) and a small ivory ring (neutral toys). the main trial from the one-way glass observation of adult and baby going out for 3 minutes, record the number of toys being used and assess the baby adult the behavior of the subjects assessed their own end of the experiment the impression of the baby.
Results: The toy selection, in that the baby is female, the doll has been used most frequently. 1.61 male subjects, female subjects were 1.27.
football not many people actually use, may be the baby, the football is not a suitable toy.
interesting is called the neutral group, many have inquired about the baby's sex, experiment, most of them have formed baby What is the view of gender .57% of male subjects and 70% of the female subjects were considered to be the boy, views from gender stereotypes, as they noticed the baby's grip strength, sparse hair; that is a girl who will pay attention to baby Feng round, soft.
from this study can conclude? exchanges in adults and children, gender seems very important for adults to act in accordance with gender stereotypes, gender role socialization begins from infancy.
( c) the personality development of basic trust and basic m distrust important relationship: the mother.
newborn baby in a mother and child symbiosis, the baby can not tell the difference between themselves and others, the mother is often seen as part of their own . Gradually, the mother as the first object, then the baby in the psychological regardless of gender, attachment to objects are the mother, if the mother is the object of sustained, constant security ties, baby to develop basic trust. basic trust is a kind of positive attitude toward themselves and the world. this stage completely helpless baby, the baby's needs are met, the crying is to get noticed, this is the first turning point in personality development. If the parents (or bringing persons) to have regular care, baby care, to meet the baby's diet, safe, touch and other needs, so that the baby will have the basic trust of parents, feel the world is safe and reliable; the contrary, if the parents can not meet the baby basic needs, for him to take care of poor planning, bad attitude, or the environment changing, the baby will not feel safe on the surrounding environment, do not trust human nature. According to Erikson's view, although do not trust the trust crisis occurred in infancy, but in the lives of these children will be the alienation of others and retreat, do not believe they do not trust others.
III, the former early childhood (1-3 years) toddler toddlers equivalent of anal desire.
m independent of the concerns of personality development. The most important stage of development is the muscular system of the mature, when the children love to explore the outside world, into exploring the Warriors, because there is no sense, so holds-barred, the finger inserted into the electrical outlet, eating toothpaste, playing stool, and began to test their abilities, such as eating, dressing, toilet and other basic life skills. on their activities like yourself, do not want to interfere with adults faced with the will of their wishes with their parents in conflict. If the parents can be in a safe context, allowing children to complete everything they own to encourage children to explore independently, and have encountered difficulties in young children, give timely help, the child will come to realize their own the ability to develop the personality self-development; the contrary, if the parents of the children's activities are too restrictive, too much criticism, or are too spoiled and protected, monopolizing everything all the activities of their children, will make children feel shy about his ability misgivings, to develop a personality shame.
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