Cross sectional Mountain Tea Horse Road

 (Question Chart: Tea-Horse Road is a stretch of hovering in the possession of Yunnan and Sichuan border, walk through the mountains and canyons in the mountain range, the connection between Tibetan and Chinese, to a tea-horse trail-based transactions. The trail's name sounds old However, officially named feet Road, cross-sectional shape of the caravan mountain trail network. The name was soon unveiled and shouted out. because of United Pina. particularly in the function of this trail is already most of the disappeared, the introduction of more hair to be nostalgic. We traveled to eastern Tibet, stumbled, and we walk around the place, most actually connected with the Tea Horse Road peek
If you go to eastern Tibet to walk through the mountains and canyons in the mountain range, hovering in the jungle wilderness in the rugged Hill Road, as long as people understand the local history with you, ears to avoid is not always a open term, that is, Tea Horse Road is the original, did not repair road from there, and now abandoned. or even a deserted river suspension bridge, a mountain roadside ruins, will evoke some memories about Tea Horse Road, leads to a Tea Road story.
the tour in eastern Tibet, we are Qamdo as the center, were walking in different directions. This is the habit in Lhasa. to Tibet tour, if not the way to Ali Qamdo far, can not make day trips to places, will be in Lhasa as the center, morning to evening: during the day and north to Nam Co, or west to Shigatse, or south to Shannan, or east to Nyingchi, Lhasa, the starting point is often also returned to Lhasa in the evening. This is a dangerous road because of possession of land, only one road, and Lhasa and the nodes in the road, so hither and thither, suddenly the South suddenly the north, will have been in Lhasa, it is better to Lhasa as the end result, the province must be a place to find a place to live. Second, because the infrastructure of Tibet to the mainland not so convenient, Lhasa is the big cities, living conditions of travel will be better than other places. mm Qamdo characteristics and Lhasa, about the same. It is located hub, radiation to the Quartet road from here, you travel to different parts of Qamdo, come back often in Qamdo settled. Meanwhile, in the Tibetan areas of the following places such as county and township resident, living conditions than the poor, so be prepared to proceed to a new place, in the Qamdo for some some places. returned to Lhasa after a stroke for stroke stroke this time, the on the road constantly hear of the refers to the possession of the junction of Yunnan and Sichuan, commodities are tea, also accompanied by mule, horse trading, so it was this , generally recognized as the Tea Horse Road From today's major producing Pu'er tea, the west by the Lijiang, Zhongdian, Deqin, Mangkang into Tibetan areas; then from the west via Zogang Mangkang, or north by Caya, the end is to Qamdo. and then the tea leaves from the Qamdo goods to guard Tibetan areas, the end is generally Lhasa. Specifically, the Qamdo - Lhasa. time walking, mainly inhabited line That said, are complex, but if you look at the relevant diagram, it is clear the.
(Attachment: schematic Tea Horse Road main road. We walk this route in eastern Tibet, in Qamdo in the territories were as follows: possession Yunnan borders the Stores (Tea-Horse Road's most famous businessmen) - Gatuo Town (Markam county, where we went to the measures watts rural north, it is the route by Caya to Qamdo) - If the U.S. town - Zogang - State of town - Qamdo - Zhu Cape Mount (known to Tangbai) - Riwoqe - Dengqen. Dengqen is the most western edge of the mountain range, from here and then further west to enter the northern Tibet's Nagqu)
Luhuo, Ganzi, Dege, Jiang Daxian into Tibetan areas today, has been to Qamdo, Ji Jin Sichuan-Tibet Highway, Markam, from Markam to Qamdo, Ji Jin Sichuan-Tibet Highway, These two road can be seen in the Kangding, Sichuan, Tibet's Qamdo and Markam, Tea Horse Road is an important transit point, while connecting more than two lines. It can be said, Kangding, Qamdo, Mangkang this Road Extension major transit point, from west to Zogang Mangkang not go north Qamdo, but continue west to Basu, the Bomi to Nyingchi, and finally to Lhasa. From today's perspective, This is a short cut, but you know, in the history of a long period of time, Bomi area is not owned by the central government and local government of Tibet effective jurisdiction, therefore, very difficult to guarantee the security of caravan. only in the local government of Tibet after serving the town of Bomi completely, the line became an important branch Tea Horse Road, and communication within the Sichuan-Tibet Tibet of today's most important national highway trunk roads mm318!
for all these names, in those caravan shuttle, not never in the way the years, all of them were the first loud. As the first two years of the drama film What mountain? After Qamdo Temple, to get to the Ya'an. Batang sweet tea, Litang tsampa incense. After Basu, went to Markam Austin City, to get to Lijiang. Dali girl is good, fragrant tea leaves. Tea Horse Road far, earth to heaven! , accompanied by Tibetan mysticism and unique sound, like the old days back on the Tea Horse Road husband, groom gently singing, as if emanating from the depths of history echo!
Tea Horse Road and the eyes, an important reason is that this Millennium Trail, winding most unusual landscapes in the world, the most dangerous terrain of the mountain river region. The region has a peculiar name: Cross Mountain!
the first time I heard ; Hengduan Mountain, Therefore, it was thought that the mountain is only a cross-sectional than head home to a large number of mountain peaks. was studying geography, before we know it is up to the junction of Sichuan Guizhou Yunnan series of north-south parallel to the mountains together, the mountain above sea level more than in 4000 -5000 meters, high mountains and deep valleys, transverse transport things, why it is called Wumeng mountain Zhaotong, Ailaoshan District Red River, measureless mountain Simao (now the Pu'er City), Yunling Lijiang area, Nushan Baoshan area, south of the Luxi Gaoligongshan only understand what is the risk Hill , the road of hard-line, before we know the cross-sectional Hill powerful!
transverse mountain is the longest, widest and most typical north-south mountain ranges. it was formed, with the Himalayan orogeny related. As the Indian Plate south northward subduction of the Eurasian plate extrusion, before the formation of today's Tanggula, Bayan Har, etc., by the Eurasian plate in eastern and northern rigid resistance to the body, in this possession the border between Yunnan and Sichuan, all turns sharply south and between a deep river, parallel to the formation of mountains, river and stream wonders! the most typical regions, that is, the Nu River, Lancang and Jinsha River posed by its location on both sides of the mountains. This area is considered to be typical of most mountain range areas.
It is generally believed, according to the geological formation of the common principles and geomorphological features, transverse mountain range, than the typical areas to be wide. It is west of Grand Canyon mm Brahmaputra in Tibet from west to east, thousands of miles torrent This forced a sharp turn south and the Brahmaputra, is to be Ridge Lurie Hill, Snowy Mountains, mountain until Qionglai Minshan. The most the east mountain range, in the Look west from the Chengdu Basin, just stretching the face of these towering Tibetan Plateau, testifies to the River, River, Minjiang River.
these mountain ranges, creating a lot of peerless beauty. Boshu La Ling ice clouds, the famous northern Ran Wuhu; he was in his extension of the Nu Shan Weng Shannan, also known as ; Biluo Snow Mountain There cho la, Su Shan, Haizishan, wooden pull-Hill, Miyama; Sichuan Province through the massive Snowy Mountains, located south of Kangding County, the main peak in Mt known as King Hill, Balang Shan, Jiajin, Erlang and other mountains; Min Shan mountain range, including not only Motian Xuebaoding Jiudingshan, Qingcheng Mountain, Emei Mountain, Siguniangshan, Partridge Hill, spots, or the main panda distribution. There are now familiar with the beauty of ALICE land, such as Jiuzhaigou, Inagi, etc., are all cross-sectional views of the mountains.
Tea Horse Road, formerly known as disadvantages. This mountain range in most places, the peak towering clouds, rivers emptying, mountains, rushing rivers, of course, spectacular side. However, as the two tectonic plates are squeezing zone, tectonic instability, earthquakes, landslides, etc. frequent natural disasters. Hengduan Mountains last year, is located in Wenchuan earthquake, is one example. than this sudden disaster, alpine valleys to the inconvenience of traffic, even more people into the transverse mountain, first to observe that the strong feel. people say, ! Since ancient times, to explore the mountains in the transverse road, is certainly a very tragic thing.
any one place, some people line the road. just flat and dangerous way different. According to archaeologists, Later the so-called . According to some ancient human sites to visit, when human beings move in the mountain range, the general trend along the rivers for water and Hutchison Road. human, such as ants, as long as there is food there will be people . the sunset.
formed by this stage of migration, are self-sufficient, the case of exchange is rare, especially in the mountains or deep valleys, where travel inconvenience. However, there is an appearance of things, changed all that, this is the salt!
life from the ocean, This basically has become a consensus. so life requires the right amount of salt the body (the salt, to maintain the body needs. But then, some wise man, found the salt-rich areas; there are some smart people, found a way to extract salt; even some smart people, found the use of the hands of the salt can be exchanged for food and a variety of its necessary or not necessary a good thing! this way, tasted a little bit of, but to a lot a lot to be cooked, dip to eat, almost one day can not do without this excessive intake of salt into the hypertensive patients!
with water and food is different from all parts of salt are not produced. Most of the local people, only to far away to get enough salt. scattered in the transverse Mountains of the people, because of this the demand for salt, began like a donkey in general, increase the number of times on foot, so there the use of frequent salt, a save trouble and effort, but also a good way to distance transport. Thus the trail began to appear, Caravan Road, test. But a lot of tea, should be started Songtsan period, which the Tang Dynasty Han. In Srong be delineated during the Tubo Kingdom tax to including the Han merchants. Tibetan language in the Sino-Tibetan History Set A little bird came to the leafy branches of the title, he felt curious, will the leaves boiled water to drink, and drink clear after the body feel a healthy heart, which began to import a large number of Tibetan tea. However, according to previous research, both Pine Mountain Bujie the ancestor Songtsan period, well into the Tibetan tea. So why is there such a legend it? more reliable truth is that he practices of Tibetan tea form, made a large contribution to the . It is the ZAP, through conquest Nanzhao (now in Yunnan), the tea produced in Yunnan and Tibet to more closely linked together. even Tibetan tea-drinking, are subject to the influence of Yunnan. mm Tibetan and Chinese tea to the water way of tea are different. He is the butter, salt, blending to cook tea. This practice is said to come from Yunnan, the of tea, tea, tea, their activities in this old haunt Pu'er area), they are accustomed to tea and pepper, ginger, Guangxi, etc. Pine Mountain is the tomb of Bujie. The affinity of people and tea, the last in the beautiful tea-requiem!
very strange that, although many of the world peoples have tea customs, but did not like the Tibetan people that, once the drink of tea to become every day there must be a high intake of fat and high calorie food. beef, mutton, butter, milk, tsampa although a high heat, but do not digest fat, roasted barley (barley that is fried noodles, the equivalent of the Han The fried noodles) is extremely hot, and what is hidden in almost no production of fresh vegetables, only meat and milk consumption of tea can be greasy, the hot solution barley, add a variety of trace elements. So, Tibetan people, the lag, three days without tea is pain. due to geographic proximity, from the Tibetan recently, Pu'er tea is rich in Yaan, Sichuan, Tibet has become the major source to produce tea. This is something.
ancient times was a times, between different tribes and dynasties, war against each other are common. The war is necessary to have horses. Han lack of horses, to take possession of tea, so the possession of land to be sold horses to the Central Plains, Central Plains tea to lose possession of land, It is natural that it will form a kind of . Tea horse trading carried out.
which, the Tang Dynasty and Tibetan tea-horse trade of this, mainly through the traditional straight line. As the world Sichuan tea in China, the birthplace of tea, then enter through the Qinghai-Tibet Road, possession of land, mainly Sichuan tea. The Yunnan Pu'er, the Tubo Dynasty had conquered this region, close the two are linked, and therefore entered into the possession of an important source of tea. from the Road The ZAP body.
However, in the year 842 after the collapse of the Tubo Dynasty, Tibet fell into chaos, and began a nearly 400-year separatist separatist state. this area of Qinghai and Xinjiang, has become dominated by different nomadic, a place in Chengdu, the center of gravity southward. Easy horse tea, taking place in Chuanshu. Tea Horse of the channel, the Sichuan-Tibet Road, the , the line is easy horse tea by the use of the system Qiangrong. Tea Company duck increasingly central China, one of the important reasons is that they want to be Han tea! time, tea was surprisingly expensive, a superior good horse, in exchange for tea, only 120 pounds, described as ;! not a ah, but not for a day do not eat will not work! mm Some people think that, why Tibetan and Han are separated by thousands of miles, experienced a regime change, but it has not split? One important reason is that Tibetan people the need for tea! until the Qing Dynasty, the strategy of tea have the rule relaxed side. this period, an increase in the private tea merchant, the official business of the tea-horse trading, often costs more than tea and horses have been less. and finally to ten Yongzheng three years (1735), the official business of the tea-horse trading system was formally terminated.
will never disappear Tea Horse Road
Official horse trading of tea though terminated, but the Tubo Dynasty began to take shape across the cross-sectional Hill's . Qing officials, businessmen Tibet, the main route across the transverse mountains are the salt to help Road . However, the main transport direction of the tea is very clear, that is west of the Tibetan Plateau! Tibetan people's dependence on tea, so over the mountain range west, as a non-so not the behavior. as long as the want of tea shipped to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it is necessary find ways to cross the Tsung Ling mountains, rivers! This is the Tea Horse Road across the mountain range of the maximum power. so many caravan natural to find a way, to find the channel across the mountain range, the result in the rugged towering Mountains, search to a feasible path.
Secondly, tea and salt are very different. salt can be long-term preservation, and storage conditions in the past is behind the case, a very short shelf life of tea. This requires the input of tea caravan, must be Trail running year round, continuously transporting the trail is bound to the pursuit of efficiency, more power to promote caravan, to looking for Crossing the River, the more the river shortcut, and many narrow bridges or rivers which flow a large number of places to build up a more moderate, and those towns, cities mostly in the vicinity of these bridges formed, they are also the main force to maintain bridges and other facilities. In the mountains to find the best cross-sectional westbound routes, along roads, bridges and some maintenance, there are many horses shops, market towns to provide room and board service, a wonderful Road difficulties over the mountain range, thus forming a tight caravan organization. caravan of life has become increasingly professional, such as the formation of a caravan of the jargon, there is a fixed business rules and so on. caravan of sound, which also contributed to Tea Trail's perfect. Therefore, in the government-run after the tea-horse trade, horse trading although there was decline of tea, but the role of Tea Horse Road, but still very important.
Tea Horse Road in the war, the reproduction of its Finally, brilliant. World War II, the Japanese capture of Burma, the Burma Road interruption, the last channel to the Chinese Theater was cut off foreign aid to China supplies can not be brought into China from Burma. the critical moment, runs through Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet and through the mouth of the Indian Tea Horse Road, became the only supplies to the delivery of international aid to China on the ground channel. Business gathered in the southwest of Lhasa became the commercial cities, Tibetan, Han, Hui, Naxi and other peoples of the caravan, composed of ho Ho folk caravan sway, took Tea Horse Road, and from the stream. Tea Horse Road in the glorious achievements of the health area Finally, the legendary Tea Horse Road. until the end of World War II, the domestic original sea, land re-opening of the Tea Horse Road until the end of its historical mission. the early 50s of last century, the PLA Tibet has largely along the old Tea Horse Road the main road, repair through the Sichuan-Tibet, Yunnan-Tibet Highway. Mercedes-Benz cars, will wander far in the caravan on the mountain behind them. Since then, the Tea Horse Road from view slowly fade into a piece of history, a legend. those thousands of years, settling down on the road suffering romantic story of the fate of millions of people are turned into the dust of time!
However, it does not completely disappear. Although the relatively Tea Horse Road gentle place, most were replaced by roads, but not in the road repair, car can not pass the mountains or deep valleys, there are still remnants of old Tea Horse Road local network, there is a small team of horses walking quietly there. especially in the the depths of the Himalayas and the transverse mountain, complex terrain and landslides caused by the rainy season, scattered caravan to leave the road has been through, or completely abandoned the place of human activity, as long as you walk along the way, or inadvertently encountered, some of those old Tea Horse Road on the pious Mani Dui numerous Rendui out, will be the historical moment into a reality, silent to you on this trail about happiness and suffering, and even good and bad, joys and sorrows!
(following figure: We're The trip to eastern Tibet, was originally the East West channeling channeling, not a line. later found out, we traveled areas in the Qamdo major locations, the majority in the main road on the Tea Horse Road. Here the order and not according to our trail travel order, put some of the main locations for the pictures, the first general to share with you the beauty along the way. The first one is close to the cloud, a South Kachina Xixiang . Every time you Sheng hand, only one side, you take it after the owner give you Tim. next to the stone, is the number you used to eat a few bowls of noodles used. It is said that those who record, you can eat more than 50 bowl. This estimate is Naxi customs, because there is no Tibetan noodles, said it this way and will not eat noodles. Naxi and Tibetan in history has a deep origin, many of the Naxi people believe in Tibetan Buddhism . then the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Karmapa is the tenth new Gelugpa compelled to flee to King's Wood Naxi headman your family shelter)
(Below: Naxi ethnic townships the Catholic Church. then tried to enter the Western priests from Tibet to Yunnan, but was hindered by Tibetan Buddhists, Tibetan only in the periphery to retain the only Catholic church in Tibet. Although some local Tibetan or Naxi family, but because of Catholicism, so taken are Many Nanliu river, is traced back into Yunnan, Hebei, on the natural channel as well as Tibetan, Western missionaries must have is from this approach, came to eastern Tibet)
(Below: Salt Township, Yantian. Tea Horse Road was originally because of the need for transportation of salt, and slowly developed. Since not every human agglomerations are produced in salt, so the long-range transport to be necessary, people began to explore the way to travel. coupled with large-scale livestock, transport of salt Caravan ) (Below: the song Zika Lancang River Hot Springs. This band low altitude, is the only way when the north Mangkang ancient times, the number of caravan arrived here after the temporary break in this. Qu Zika has to Hot Springs in the name famous Tea Horse Road) (Bottom: Gang of Temple, also Tea Horse Road is a famous temple. Tea Horse Road along the way, there are many temples, one to meet the needs of their followers to worship, but also the caravan rest stop location. There are many caravan stories are concerned with the temple. Gang of Temple in the period of democratic reform, places the rebels away from the plate here, the PLA launched Kong is famous for the Battle of) (Bottom: Zhagu Xi Xia Princess Wen Cheng of ancient stone. In Tea Road along the way, there are many cliff, stone, etc., and placed on the Tea Horse Road walking people, pray for peace goes well wishes.'s curiosity in this stone is a stone statue which was originally from falling off a cliff down rock. So far upward afar, can see the drop of the year left Shiwo stone, it is awesome stunning) (Figure: Princess Wen Cheng stone from the north, pull over the red mountain, to reach Markam. Although Now the mountain road repair, but often there is debris flows, resulting in open circuit, in its walk, is still a very difficult thing. Red Mountain is the Yunnan golden monkey pull the home. then some of Yunnan, where scientists found a species of golden monkey, although the Red Mountain is located in La Tibetan, but these people from Yunnan, so named as the correction. graph red Lama, seems a little Buddha. car was stuck, the entire trolley cars to help people, only he looked at the side, but the car still special to take care of a man He) (Below: Mount ...